When medication is not enough
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when blood clots form in the deep veins of the body, usually in the legs. These clots hinder the flow of blood, which can have serious consequences: If part of the clot breaks loose, it “travels” via the veins and heart into the lungs, where it can block a blood vessel. This is known as pulmonary embolism – the most dangerous complication of DVT and potentially life-threatening.
Anticoagulants, drugs that reduce blood’s ability to clot, are generally prescribed to reduce blood clot formation or dissolve existing clots. Anticoagulants increase bleeding risk, however, which in turn can lead to internal bleeding and other serious side effects. That means not all patients tolerate these drugs and clots may recur, even despite treatment.
In cases such as this, doctors implant a filter into the inferior vena cava (IVC), the body’s largest vein. The filter acts like a small net that catches clots before they reach the lungs, minimizing the risk of life-threatening complications.